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Search results for , issue "Vol 5, No 1 (2017)" : 5 Documents clear

MONTHLY VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF WAVE HEIGHT IN NORTH SULAWESI Ahmad Fadlan; Ricky Daniel Aror; Denny Nugroho Sugianto; Muhammad Zainuri
Waste Technology Vol 5, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

ABSTRACTIndonesia is a maritime country which most of the territory is ocean, where many people have activities at sea. Information about variations and characteristics of wave height in some region is very important to support safety and efficiency of the activity. The purpose of the research is to know and analysis the characteristics of the monthly variations of wave height in the water of North Sulawesi. The data used in this study is a surface wind that processed into Windwaves-05 wave model. This model calculates wave height based on energy from surface wind that blows above the sea surface. The research results showed that variations of sea waves in the waters of North Sulawesi generally are closely related to the monsoon wind patterns that occur in Indonesia. When Asian west monsoon in November to April, the average wave height in the waters of North Sulawesi is higher than wave height at Australian east monsoon in May to October. The highest average wave occurred in January with maximum wave height to 3.5 m and lowest average wave occurred in October with a maximum height to 1.25 m. Generally, the average wave height in the waters which bordering the ocean is higher than the waters close to all major islands.

Potential Uses of Spent Mushroom Substrate Containing Palm Pressed Fiber as Organic Fertilizer: Study on Chemical Analysis and Lignocellulose Biodegradation Hidayat, Mohamad Rusdi
Waste Technology Vol 5, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

One of the applications of palm pressed fiber (PPF), which generated from palm oil industry, is as an alternative medium for mushroom production. Increased usage of PPF by mushroom farms ultimately would raise the mushroom substrate waste or commonly called as spent mushroom substrate (SMS) containing PPF. Although beneficial effects of SMS on the crops growth have been investigated in recent years, the SMS characterization studies are still limited. SMS characterization is required since its properties are determined by many factors, and its characteristics could affect its effectiveness as organic fertilizer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize fresh PPF based-SMS from Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation. All parameters tested were performed based on the regulation of the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture No. 70-2011 about organic fertilizer. Moreover, lignocellulose biodegradation analysis of the SMS before and after mushroom cultivation also conducted. Results showed that fresh SMS composed of 50% and 100% of PPF meet the quality standards as organic fertilizer. This finding suggests that fresh PPF-based SMS could be applied directly as organic fertilizer without further composting process.

Applying waste treatment scenarios in Toluca region (Mexico). Nina Tsydenova
Waste Technology Vol 5, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Governments in emerging countries need to analyse waste treatment alternatives, other than landfills, in order to decrease environmental pollution and socio-economic impacts. This study is assessing several alternative scenarios of waste treatment in Toluca municipality (Mexico) such as sanitary landfill, combustion of landfill gas, waste incineration (WtE), mechanical-biological treatment (MBT) and combination of anaerobic digestion (AD) and sanitary landfill under the condition of source waste separation. The objective of the research is the identification of the most feasible waste treatment scenario for developing countries which have the high percentage of organics on waste stream. The assessment is implemented from several perspectives: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, economic feasibility and consideration of informal recycling sector. The emissions generated at the baseline scenario are high due to the great percentage of organics in the municipal solid waste (MSW). The WTE and MBT facilities generate the lowest emissions but have a high gate fee. The scenario involving AD and sanitary landfill has the lowest gate fee while its emissions are significantly reduced compared to the baseline. The author believes that widespread adoption of AD systems, together with the source separation scheme, can be the starting point in the implementation of sustainable waste management in transition countries, such as Mexico.

Biogas production potential from a native beverage vinasse of Mexico Abumalé Cruz-Salomón
Waste Technology Vol 5, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

This work presents the results of the physicochemical characterization and evaluates the potential of vinasse (a wastewater obtained from local beverage of Chiapas, Mexico) as nutrient source for biogas production by anaerobic digestion in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactor. This wastewater contains high level of organic matter, 120.2 ± 18.4 g O2/L of chemical organic demand (COD), 0.77 biodegradability index (BI), and a ratio 21:1 of C/N. The UASB bioreactor had a working volume of 4 L, at 32 oC, 10 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The COD removal was of 91 %, the production of methane was 1860 mL/day and 264.83 mL CH4/gCOD of biochemical methane potential (BMP). As such, the UASB bioreactor fed with vinasse can be sustainable alternative for the bioenergy production from wastewater, shifting the paradigm of wastewater management from ‘treatment and disposal’ to ‘beneficial utilization’ as well as ‘profitable endeavor’.

Daily Accumulation and Impacts of Marine Litter on The Shores of Selayar Island Coast, South Sulawesi Roni Hermawan; Ario Damar; Sigid Hariyadi
Waste Technology Vol 5, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

West coast of Selayar facing solid marine litter during west monsoon period December until March, marine litter come from floating litter, carried by sea surface current and deposited along the west coast. Marine litter deposited on the west coast affected social, economic and ecological. This study aims to determine type, weight, density and distribution of marine litter; the impact of litter on water quality; the impact of economic, social and environmental ecosystems. Retrieved data using line transect at 7 observation points. Litter size were observed (> 2.5 cm) or macro litter. Floating litter and daily incresing of litters were also analyzed. Inorganic waste density is 14.3 ± 2.97 items/m2 for the number of pieces and 564.8 ± 196.1 g/m2 for waste weight. Daily accumulation was about 1 445 ± 1 743 g/m/day, the number of pieces 14.3 ± 8 item/m/day, cubication 0.0187 ± 0.019 m3/m/day. The impacts on seagrass and biota such as broken leaves, crushed and organism rafting on floating litter some types of coral such as Favia fragum, types of crustaceans such as Balanus. sp, Lepas. sp, Dosima. sp which affect the bio-diversity.

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